chore: 编译产物不再入库，启动脚本改用 server.exe

- server.exe 早已写在 .gitignore 第 9 行，却仍被追踪，规则一直没生效（.gitignore
  只管未被追踪的文件）。git rm --cached 移出索引，本地文件保留
- 启动项目.bat 改为启动前先 go build 重建再运行 server.exe，编译失败就停住不启动：
  原来用 go run 正是为了不跑到过期的 exe，换成 exe 后得靠这一步补上

docs/api.md

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
 
 ### 本文档覆盖范围
 
-本文档详述**物料、入库、出库、库存**四个资源域。以下分组已实现但未在本文档展开，需要时请直接查阅 `internal/handler/api.go` 的路由注册：
+本文档详述**物料、入库、出库、库存**四个资源域，物料批量导入（`/material-import`）已并入 §1。以下分组已实现但未在本文档展开，需要时请直接查阅 `internal/handler/api.go` 的路由注册：
 
 | 分组                    | 路径                                        | 权限   |
 |-------------------------|---------------------------------------------|--------|
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@
 - 必填列 `物料名称`、`大类`、`小类` 缺任何一列，判为模板不合法并返回「模板格式不正确，请重新下载最新模板」；
 - 选填列 `规格`、`单位` 可以整列删掉，取值按空处理。
 
-分类**按名称**填写，后端按「大类名 + 小类名」在本公司内组合匹配（小类名在一个公司内会重名，例如多个大类下都有「其他」，所以必须两级组合）。单位按名称匹配，同时兼容按编码匹配（如 `kg` 与 `千克`）。
+分类**按名称**填写；名称之外也接受**编码**和界面上的「编码 名称」写法（界面一律显示成 `A 机械结构类`，用户整段照抄进模板是常事）。后端按「大类 + 小类」在本公司内组合匹配（小类名在一个公司内会重名，例如多个大类下都有「其他」，所以必须两级组合）。名称、编码、「编码 名称」三种写法同名或同码时以**名称**优先。单位按名称匹配，同时兼容按编码匹配（如 `kg` 与 `千克`）。
 
 ### POST /material-import
 
@@ -425,8 +425,8 @@
 | 物料名称 | 必填，去首尾空格后非空，≤ 200 字 |
 | 规格 | 选填，≤ 200 字 |
 | 单位 | 选填；留空时默认「个」。非空时必须在当前公司已启用单位中按名称或编码匹配到 |
-| 大类 | 必填，必须是当前公司已启用的顶层分类名称 |
+| 大类 | 必填，必须是当前公司已启用的顶层分类，按名称、编码或「编码 名称」匹配 |
-| 小类 | 必填，必须是该大类下已启用的小类名称 |
+| 小类 | 必填，必须是该大类下已启用的小类，同样认名称、编码或「编码 名称」 |
 | 编码规则 | 该小类必须存在启用的编码规则（`code_rules.status = 'active'`） |
 
 物料编码由系统按小类编码规则生成，**不接受模板里的编码列**。同一行可能产生多条原因，用中文分号连接。

internal/service/material_import.go

@@ -89,17 +89,28 @@ func (s *MaterialImportService) validateRows(organizationID int64, rows []model.
 	}
 
 	majors := make(map[string]*model.MaterialCategory)
-	minors := make(map[string]*model.MaterialCategory) // key: 大类ID + "\x00" + 小类名
+	minors := make(map[string]*model.MaterialCategory) // key: 大类ID + "\x00" + 小类写法
 	for i := range categories {
 		category := &categories[i]
 		if category.Status != "active" {
 			continue
 		}
+		// 界面上分类一律显示成「编码 名称」（前端 categoryLabel 的拼法），用户整段
+		// 照抄进模板是常事，所以名称之外再登记编码与「编码 名称」两种写法。名称排
+		// 在最前、已有键不覆盖，与单位一样保证同名或同码时结果确定。
+		aliases := []string{category.Name, category.Code}
+		if category.Code != "" {
+			aliases = append(aliases, category.Code+" "+category.Name)
+		}
 		if category.ParentID == nil {
-			majors[category.Name] = category
+			for _, alias := range aliases {
+				registerCategoryAlias(majors, alias, category)
+			}
 			continue
 		}
-		minors[minorCategoryKey(*category.ParentID, category.Name)] = category
+		for _, alias := range aliases {
+			registerCategoryAlias(minors, minorCategoryKey(*category.ParentID, alias), category)
+		}
 	}
 	unitByName := make(map[string]*model.Unit)
 	unitByCode := make(map[string]*model.Unit)
@@ -140,7 +151,7 @@ func (s *MaterialImportService) validateRows(organizationID int64, rows []model.
 		if row.MajorName == "" {
 			reasons = append(reasons, "大类不能为空")
 		} else if major == nil {
-			reasons = append(reasons, fmt.Sprintf("大类「%s」不存在或已停用", row.MajorName))
+			reasons = append(reasons, fmt.Sprintf("大类「%s」不存在或已停用，请核对分类名称或编码", row.MajorName))
 		}
 
 		var minor *model.MaterialCategory
@@ -151,7 +162,7 @@ func (s *MaterialImportService) validateRows(organizationID int64, rows []model.
 		} else {
 			minor = minors[minorCategoryKey(major.ID, row.MinorName)]
 			if minor == nil {
-				reasons = append(reasons, fmt.Sprintf("小类「%s」在「%s」下不存在或已停用", row.MinorName, row.MajorName))
+				reasons = append(reasons, fmt.Sprintf("小类「%s」在「%s」下不存在或已停用，请核对分类名称或编码", row.MinorName, row.MajorName))
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -282,3 +293,14 @@ func summarizeImportErrors(importErrors []model.MaterialImportError) string {
 func minorCategoryKey(majorID int64, minorName string) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%d\x00%s", majorID, minorName)
 }
+
+// registerCategoryAlias 把一个写法登记进分类索引。空写法忽略；键已被别的分类占用
+// 时不覆盖，保证结果不随分类的遍历顺序变化。
+func registerCategoryAlias(index map[string]*model.MaterialCategory, key string, category *model.MaterialCategory) {
+	if key == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	if _, exists := index[key]; !exists {
+		index[key] = category
+	}
+}

internal/service/material_import_excel.go

@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ func BuildMaterialImportTemplate() ([]byte, error) {
 		{"物料名称", "必填", "内六角螺栓", "最长 200 字"},
 		{"规格", "选填", "M8x30", "最长 200 字"},
 		{"单位", "选填", "个", "填本公司已启用的计量单位名称或编码；不填默认「个」"},
-		{"大类", "必填", "机械结构类", "填本公司已启用的物料大类名称"},
+		{"大类", "必填", "机械结构类", "填本公司已启用的物料大类名称或编码"},
-		{"小类", "必填", "标准件", "填该大类下已启用的小类名称，且该小类必须已配置编码规则"},
+		{"小类", "必填", "标准件", "填该大类下已启用的小类名称或编码，且该小类必须已配置编码规则"},
 		{"", "", "", ""},
 		{"说明", "", "", "1. 只需填写「物料数据」表，从第 2 行开始；2. 物料编码无需填写，由系统按小类编码规则自动生成；3. 任意一行校验不通过，整批都不会导入。"},
 	}

internal/service/material_import_test.go

@@ -132,22 +132,7 @@ func TestMaterialImportServiceImportsWhenAllRowsValid(t *testing.T) {
 	expectImportMasterData(mock, true)
 	// 事务内：锁规则 → 取已占用编码 → 推进序号 → 插入 → 回查 ID
 	// ImportTx 先把整批编码分配完并推进 code_rules，再分批插入。
-	mock.ExpectBegin()
+	expectImportPersist(mock, "A010201")
-	mock.ExpectQuery(regexp.QuoteMeta(`SELECT id, organization_id, category_id, prefix, sequence_length, next_sequence FROM code_rules WHERE organization_id = ? AND category_id = ? AND status = 'active' FOR UPDATE`)).
-		WithArgs(int64(1), int64(12)).
-		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"id", "organization_id", "category_id", "prefix", "sequence_length", "next_sequence"}).
-			AddRow(5, 1, 12, "A01", 4, 201))
-	mock.ExpectQuery(`SELECT material_code FROM materials WHERE organization_id = \? AND material_code LIKE \?`).
-		WithArgs(int64(1), "A01%").
-		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"material_code"}))
-	mock.ExpectExec(regexp.QuoteMeta(`UPDATE code_rules SET next_sequence = ? WHERE id = ?`)).
-		WithArgs(int64(202), int64(5)).WillReturnResult(sqlmock.NewResult(0, 1))
-	mock.ExpectExec(`INSERT INTO materials`).WillReturnResult(sqlmock.NewResult(31, 1))
-	mock.ExpectQuery(`SELECT id, material_code FROM materials WHERE organization_id = \? AND material_code IN \(\?\)`).
-		WithArgs(int64(1), "A010201").
-		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"id", "material_code"}).AddRow(31, "A010201"))
-	mock.ExpectExec(`INSERT INTO material_logs`).WillReturnResult(sqlmock.NewResult(1, 1))
-	mock.ExpectCommit()
 	expectImportLog(mock, "物料.xlsx", "success", 1, 1, 0, "")
 
 	data := buildTestWorkbook(t, [][]string{
@@ -195,3 +180,106 @@ func TestMaterialImportServiceRollsBackWhenInsertFails(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 }
+
+// expectImportPersist 描述一次成功入库的事务序列：锁规则 → 取已占用编码 → 推进序号
+// → 插入 → 回查 ID → 写审计日志 → 提交。code 是本次分配给物料的编码。
+func expectImportPersist(mock sqlmock.Sqlmock, code string) {
+	mock.ExpectBegin()
+	mock.ExpectQuery(regexp.QuoteMeta(`SELECT id, organization_id, category_id, prefix, sequence_length, next_sequence FROM code_rules WHERE organization_id = ? AND category_id = ? AND status = 'active' FOR UPDATE`)).
+		WithArgs(int64(1), int64(12)).
+		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"id", "organization_id", "category_id", "prefix", "sequence_length", "next_sequence"}).
+			AddRow(5, 1, 12, "A01", 4, 201))
+	mock.ExpectQuery(`SELECT material_code FROM materials WHERE organization_id = \? AND material_code LIKE \?`).
+		WithArgs(int64(1), "A01%").
+		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"material_code"}))
+	mock.ExpectExec(regexp.QuoteMeta(`UPDATE code_rules SET next_sequence = ? WHERE id = ?`)).
+		WithArgs(int64(202), int64(5)).WillReturnResult(sqlmock.NewResult(0, 1))
+	mock.ExpectExec(`INSERT INTO materials`).WillReturnResult(sqlmock.NewResult(31, 1))
+	mock.ExpectQuery(`SELECT id, material_code FROM materials WHERE organization_id = \? AND material_code IN \(\?\)`).
+		WithArgs(int64(1), code).
+		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"id", "material_code"}).AddRow(31, code))
+	mock.ExpectExec(`INSERT INTO material_logs`).WillReturnResult(sqlmock.NewResult(1, 1))
+	mock.ExpectCommit()
+}
+
+// 界面上分类一律显示成「编码 名称」（Materials.vue 的 categoryLabel），用户整段照抄
+// 进模板是常事；导入校验得认这种写法，否则分类明明存在也会报「不存在或已停用」。
+func TestMaterialImportServiceAcceptsCategoryDisplayLabels(t *testing.T) {
+	mock, cleanup := newImportServiceMock(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	expectImportMasterData(mock, true)
+	expectImportPersist(mock, "A010201")
+	expectImportLog(mock, "物料.xlsx", "success", 1, 1, 0, "")
+
+	data := buildTestWorkbook(t, [][]string{
+		{"内六角螺栓", "M8x30", "个", "A 机械结构类", "A01 标准件"},
+	})
+	result, err := NewMaterialImportService().Import(1, "tester", "物料.xlsx", bytes.NewReader(data))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("import: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result.SuccessRows != 1 || result.FailedRows != 0 || len(result.Errors) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("result = %+v", result)
+	}
+	if err := mock.ExpectationsWereMet(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+// 只填编码也认：模板说明写的是名称，但用户对着物料分类页抄编码同样应该通过。
+func TestMaterialImportServiceAcceptsCategoryCodes(t *testing.T) {
+	mock, cleanup := newImportServiceMock(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	expectImportMasterData(mock, true)
+	expectImportPersist(mock, "A010201")
+	expectImportLog(mock, "物料.xlsx", "success", 1, 1, 0, "")
+
+	data := buildTestWorkbook(t, [][]string{
+		{"内六角螺栓", "M8x30", "个", "A", "A01"},
+	})
+	result, err := NewMaterialImportService().Import(1, "tester", "物料.xlsx", bytes.NewReader(data))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("import: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result.SuccessRows != 1 || result.FailedRows != 0 || len(result.Errors) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("result = %+v", result)
+	}
+	if err := mock.ExpectationsWereMet(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+// 放宽的只是写法，不是启用状态：停用分类用「编码 名称」引用同样要挡下来。
+func TestMaterialImportServiceRejectsDisabledCategoryAliases(t *testing.T) {
+	mock, cleanup := newImportServiceMock(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	mock.ExpectQuery(regexp.QuoteMeta(importCategoryQuery)).WithArgs(int64(1)).
+		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"id", "organization_id", "code", "name", "description", "parent_id", "status"}).
+			AddRow(3, 1, "A", "机械结构类", "", nil, "active").
+			AddRow(12, 1, "A01", "标准件", "", 3, "active").
+			AddRow(20, 1, "B", "旧大类", "", nil, "inactive"))
+	mock.ExpectQuery(regexp.QuoteMeta(importUnitQuery)).WithArgs(int64(1)).
+		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"id", "organization_id", "code", "name", "precision_scale", "status"}).
+			AddRow(1, 1, "个", "个", 0, "active"))
+	// 大类查不到，小类不再定位，也就不会去查编码规则
+	expectImportLog(mock, "物料.xlsx", "failed", 1, 0, 1, sqlmock.AnyArg())
+
+	data := buildTestWorkbook(t, [][]string{
+		{"内六角螺栓", "M8x30", "个", "B 旧大类", "标准件"},
+	})
+	result, err := NewMaterialImportService().Import(1, "tester", "物料.xlsx", bytes.NewReader(data))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("import: %v", err)
+	}
+	// 断言必须点到「大类本身不存在」：小类的报错里也带着「B 旧大类」这几个字，
+	// 只判 Contains("大类") 会被这层巧合放过。
+	if result.FailedRows != 1 || !strings.Contains(result.Errors[0].Reason, "大类「B 旧大类」") {
+		t.Fatalf("result = %+v", result)
+	}
+	if err := mock.ExpectationsWereMet(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}

启动项目.bat

@@ -3,9 +3,19 @@ title Warehouse Management System Launcher
 
 cd /d "%~dp0"
 
+echo Building backend...
+rem Rebuild on every launch so the executable can never be a stale one.
+go build -o server.exe ./cmd/server
+if errorlevel 1 (
+  echo.
+  echo Backend build failed. Fix the errors above and run this launcher again.
+  pause
+  exit /b 1
+)
+
 echo Starting backend (8082)...
-rem Run the current source so local testing never uses an outdated server.exe.
+rem Work dir must stay at the project root: frontend/dist and uploads are relative paths.
-start "Warehouse MMS - Backend" /D "%~dp0" cmd /k "go run ./cmd/server"
+start "Warehouse MMS - Backend" /D "%~dp0" cmd /k "server.exe"
 
 echo Starting frontend (8083)...
 start "Warehouse MMS - Frontend" /D "%~dp0frontend" cmd /k "npm run dev"